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The Importance of Personalised Medicine & Technology in the Future of Medical Cannabis

Dr Stephen Barnhill M.D. from Apollon Formularies Plc discusses the potential for technology to upgrade

personalised medicine for cannabis treatments

With over 70% of new cancer drugs being derived from natural products, the future of medicine lies within nature. For centuries, the plant Cannabis sativa L. has been used across the world as a herbal remedy.

Modern research has shown its potential to treat various diseases such as cancer. Technology is taking treatment a step further with the potential to 3D print personalised cannabis-based medicines in local pharmacies.

Going back to nature

In the last century, there has been a trend within the pharmaceutical industry of new cancer drugs being derived from natural sources [1]. According to research by Newman & Cragg 2010, “in the area of cancer, over the time frame from around the 1940s to date, of the 175 small molecules, 131, or 74.8%, are other than “S” (synthetic), with 85, or 48.6%, actually being either natural products or directly derived therefrom”.

The acceptance of plant-based medicines is also apparent in public attitudes towards medical cannabis. After its 50 year prohibition in the UK, medical cannabis was legalised in 2018 sparking renewed interest and research into the plant’s properties.

Alongside its stand-alone properties, medical cannabis formulations can be used with other naturally-derived medicines to enhance efficacy. For example, independent testing showed that when medical cannabis and functional mushroom formulations were combined, nearly 100% of HER2+ breast cancer cells in 3D cell cultures were killed through the three different pathways [2]. These compelling results have warranted the initiation of human trials and mark a significant milestone in cannabis’ potential role in oncology.

As cannabis-based medicines move away from the ‘novel’ and into the mainstream, we should continually be looking towards the future and how it can fit into new approaches to drug design.

There’s no ‘one size fits all’ for our health

Changes in drug development and manufacturing within the last century have led to a ‘one size fits all’ approach to our health [3]. Many mainstream medicines are mass produced based on broad population averages, meaning that the true efficacy for an individual could be significantly different depending on their genome [3].

Personalised medicine recognises that we are all genetically unique which has allowed gene-based biomarker therapeutic triage in certain individual cancer patients. Gene sequencing to identify new biomarkers for medical cannabis patients, like is currently used in some traditional cancer treatments, is currently underway.

With over 100 naturally occurring cannabinoids, there is no ‘one size fits all’ for medical cannabis in cancer treatment [4]. As discussed in the March 16 2022 article, AI is being used to carry out analysis of cannabis plant genetics and phenotypes, to determine the best combination of cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids to target and optimise the treatment of various cancers.

Modernising an ancient medicine

Personalised medicine raises the question of commerciality; how can pharmaceutical companies mass produce individual treatments?

One solution is three-dimension (3D) printing, which came into the mainstream during the 2000s [5] and ‘involves the establishment of a three-dimensional object, in a layer upon layer manner using various computer software’ [6]. Since the Food and Drug Administration in the United States approved the first 3D-printed drug in 2015, there has been growing interest in its application in the pharmaceutical sector [7]. MORE

About Dr Stephen Barnhill- The Author | Global Hemp Group Special Medical Adviser

Dr. Stephen D. Barnhill, MD is currently the Chairman & CEO of Apollon Formularies, plc. (London, UK) (AQSE:APOL), Chairman and CEO of Apollon Formularies, Inc. (USA), President and Board Member Apollon Formularies Jamaica, Ltd. (Jamaica), and Chairman and CEO of Doc’s Place International, Inc.

Dr. Barnhill is a Medical Doctor specializing in Cannabinoid and Mycomedicinal Therapeutics, Drug Discovery and Artificial Intelligence, and has completed a Clinical Fellowship in Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology) at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC).

References:

[1] Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2012). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. Journal of natural products, 75(3), 311–335. https://doi.org/10.1021/np200906s

[2] Apollon Formularies Plc, https://polaris.brighterir.com/ public/apollon_formularies/news/rns/story/r726zjw, Accessed May 2022

[3]  The Jackson Laboratory, https://www.jax.org/personalized-medicine/precision-medicine-and-you/what-is-precision-medicine, Accessed May 2022

[4]  Open Access Government, https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/medical-cannabis-cancer-treatments/131741/, Accessed May 2022

[5] Sculpteo, https://www.sculpteo.com/en/3d-learning-hub/basics-of-3d-printing/the-history-of-3d-printing/, Accessed May 2022

[6] Vaz, V. M., & Kumar, L. (2021). 3D printing as a promising tool in personalized medicine. AAPS PharmSciTech, 22(1), 1-20.

[7]  Lepowsky, E., & Tasoglu, S. (2017). 3D printing for drug manufacturing: A perspective on the future of pharmaceuticals. International journal of bioprinting, 4(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.18063/IJB.v4i1.119 

 

Medical Cannabis & The Future of Cancer Treatments

Dr Stephen Barnhill MD, CEO of Apollon Formularies Plc, examines medical cannabis and the future cancer treatments across the UK and the European Healthcare Sectors

What is Medical Cannabis?

Early-stage research suggests that cannabis-derived medicines could be effective in treating various cancers. Recent experimental treatments and small-scale clinical trials have shown the importance of showing the efficacy of these medicinal cannabis formulations and will be a crucial and necessary path leading the way for medical cannabis to enter mainstream treatment for cancer patients.

For centuries, the plant Cannabis sativa L., has been used across the world as a herbal remedy. After ending its 50-year prohibition, medical cannabis was legalised in 2018 in the UK sparking renewed interest and research into the plant’s properties.

In cancer treatment, cannabinoids, the group of molecules, including CBD and THC, which constitute the active compounds in cannabis, have been primarily used as a part of palliative care to alleviate pain, relieve nausea and stimulate appetite. However, early-stage research and testing have suggested that medical cannabis may also be a highly effective treatment for killing cancer cells itself.

Several pre-clinical laboratory studies have shown that cannabinoids may reduce cancer cell growth and could disrupt the blood supply to cancerous cells, including brain tumours [1], breast cancers [2,3] and prostate cancer [4], among others.

As medicinal cannabis moves away from the ‘novel’ and into the mainstream, pharmaceutical companies will need to ensure that these medical formulations comply with current pharmaceutical gold standards with respect to consistent dosing, routes of administration, stability, clinical efficacy and safety. The new medicines will need rigorous protected intellectual property via defendable international patents, with actual clinical efficacy in patient data.

How Cannabis Can Treat Cancer?

Understanding how cannabis can treat cancer depends on the cannabinoids and the type of cancer in question, thus complicating the matter.

Results have shown that different cannabinoids can cause cell death (apoptosis), block cell growth through various inhibitors, stop the development of blood vessels (mTOR inhibitors) which are needed for tumours to grow, reduce inflammation through induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, suppression of cytokine production and induction of T-regulatory cells [5], and reduce the ability of cancers to spread (cell migration and metastasis).

With over 100 naturally occurring cannabinoids, there is no ‘one size fits all’ for medical cannabis in cancer treatment. Cutting edge work using artificial intelligence (AI) is being carried out to analyse cannabis plant genetics and phenotypes, to determine the best combination of cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids to target and optimise the treatment of various cancers.

Ongoing research: 3D cell cultures to clinical trials

Numerous scientific papers looking at cannabinoids and cancer have been published to date. However, due to years of prohibition, cannabis and its role in oncology currently lack the robust scientific evidence gained through extensive clinical trials. READ MORE..

About Dr Stephen Barnhill- The Author | Global Hemp Group Special Medical Adviser

Dr. Stephen D. Barnhill, MD is currently the Chairman & CEO of Apollon Formularies, plc. (London, UK) (AQSE:APOL), Chairman and CEO of Apollon Formularies, Inc. (USA), President and Board Member Apollon Formularies Jamaica, Ltd. (Jamaica), and Chairman and CEO of Doc’s Place International, Inc.

Dr. Barnhill is a Medical Doctor specializing in Cannabinoid and Mycomedicinal Therapeutics, Drug Discovery and Artificial Intelligence, and has completed a Clinical Fellowship in Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology) at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). MORE.

ReferenceS:

(1) Rocha, F. C. M., dos Santos Júnior, J. G., Stefano, S. C., & Da Silveira, D. X. (2014). Systematic review of the literature on clinical and experimental trials on the antitumor effects of cannabinoids in gliomas. Journal of neuro-oncology, 116 (1), 11-24.

(2) Apollon Formularies plc, https://polaris.brighterir.com/public/apollon_formularies/news/rns/story/r726zjw, Accessed January 2022

(3) Apollon Formularies plc, https://polaris.brighterir.com/public/apollon_formularies/news/rns/story/xq749kw, Accessed January 2022

(4) Apollon Formularies plc, https://polaris.brighterir.com/public/apollon_formularies/news/rns/story/x8ql8jx, Accessed January 2022

(5) Nagarkatti P, Pandey R, Rieder SA, Hegde VL, Nagarkatti M. Cannabinoids as novel anti-inflammatory drugs. Future Med Chem. 2009;1(7):1333-1349. doi:10.4155/fmc.09.93